"POS" means three different things in Nigeria, and a lot of confusion comes from mixing them up. Before you compare prices, be sure which one you're shopping for.
We haven't listed device prices or transaction charges here. They vary by provider, they change often, and we couldn't confirm a current set from the providers' own pages. The questions further down will get you real figures in one phone call.
Three things called POS
1. The payment terminal. The handheld machine a customer taps or inserts a card into. It takes card payments and, on many models, shows incoming transfers. It moves money. It doesn't know what you sold.
2. The agent banking business. The kiosk on the corner where people withdraw cash and send money, for a fee. Same kind of device, but a different business. It's a service you sell, not a way of collecting for goods.
3. Point-of-sale software. A program on a phone, tablet or computer where each sale is entered by item. It works out the total, prints a receipt and reduces your stock. It may or may not connect to a payment terminal.
A shop that says "I need a POS" usually needs the first. Some need the third as well. Very few need the second, and running it from the same counter causes problems, covered below.
What a small shop needs
For most small shops: one payment terminal, on a merchant account in the business's name.
Customers increasingly don't carry cash. A shop that can only take cash or a transfer loses the customer whose bank app is down. A terminal gives them a third way to pay, and a card payment that's approved on your own machine is one you don't have to wonder about.
You probably don't need point-of-sale software yet if you serve customers one at a time from a counter and a daily sales record book keeps up. It starts to earn its place when there's a queue at the till, when you carry hundreds of items, or when you have more than one branch.
Questions to ask before you take a terminal
Ask every provider the same questions and write the answers side by side.
About the device
- What do I pay to get it? Is that a purchase, a deposit or a rental?
- If it's a deposit, is it refundable when I return the device, and on what conditions?
- Is there a monthly fee, or a minimum number of transactions I must do?
- What happens if it develops a fault? Who repairs or replaces it, and how fast?
About charges
- What is charged on each card payment? A percentage, a flat fee, or both? Is there a cap?
- Who bears it, me or the customer?
- Are transfers into the account charged?
- What does it cost to move money from the terminal's account to my main bank account?
About your money
- When does a payment reach my account? Instantly, same day or next day?
- Does that include weekends and public holidays?
- Is the account in my business name?
About using it
- Which networks does it use, and does it work where my shop is? Ask a nearby trader which machines actually connect on your street.
- Does it print a receipt? What do paper rolls cost?
- Does it show a list of the day's transactions and an end-of-day total?
- Can I see transactions on my phone when I'm not in the shop?
About problems
- If a customer is debited but the payment fails, how is it resolved, and how long does it take?
- Is there a person I can call?
The cheapest device isn't the cheapest terminal. A slightly higher charge with instant settlement and working support can be worth more than a low fee on a machine that sits waiting for network.
Using it properly
- Mark POS sales in your sales book in the "Paid by" column, so you have a POS total for the day.
- At closing, compare that total with the terminal's end-of-day summary. They should match.
- Keep the merchant copy of slips for larger sales.
- Wait for "Approved". A customer saying "it has gone" isn't the terminal saying so. If the machine shows declined or times out, the sale isn't paid. The same thinking as in fake transfer alerts applies.
- Don't let the terminal's account become a second till that nobody checks. Move the money to your main account on a fixed routine.
Should you add agent services?
Many shop owners are tempted to offer withdrawals and transfers from the same counter, for the fees. Think carefully.
It mixes two pools of cash. When the drawer holds shop takings and agent float together, you can no longer tell whether the shop's cash is right. A shortage could be either business.
It also takes your attendant's attention, puts more cash on the premises, and brings its own disputes over failed transactions.
If you do it, run it as a separate business: its own float, its own drawer, its own record book, and its own daily balance. Never pay out a withdrawal from shop takings and "sort it out later".
When software becomes worth it
You've outgrown the notebook when sales happen faster than anyone can write them, when stock pages are always behind, or when you can't see what a second branch sold today.
At that point you want a system where each sale is entered by item and by staff member, and stock moves with it. That's what we are building Tabs for. It hasn't launched yet. Until then, a terminal for payments and good paper records will run a small shop well. See how to manage stock in a small shop.